In a large bowl, whisk together flour, yeast, sugar, and salt.
In a small saucepan, heat butter and milk until butter has just melted. Remove from heat to cool slightly.
In a medium bowl, whisk together warm water and one egg (recipe note #6). Whisk in warm milk and butter mixture until combined. Pour over flour mixture and stir with a wooden spoon or rubber spatula until no dry flour remains and you have a shaggy, sticky dough. Tightly cover bowl with a lid or plastic wrap and let stand in a warm place for 2 to 4 hours until dough is bubbly and has doubled in size (recipe note #3). Or tightly cover and chill for 12 to 24 hours to rise slowly in the refrigerator (My preferred way, for the best flavor and texture - recipe note #4).
Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
Turn risen dough out onto a lightly floured work surface and with lightly floured hands, first gather dough into a ball, then gently pat into a rectangle. With a dough scraper, divide dough into 18 equal pieces (use a kitchen scale for perfectly even buns). Shape each piece into a ball by first tucking edges under then pinching together to seal. Place pinched edge side down on work surface and gently roll with your palm to form a ball. Place 2 inches apart on prepared baking sheet. Cover loosely with a clean kitchen towel and let rise until buns are puffy and light to the touch, about 1 hour or up to 2 hours if dough is straight from the refrigerator.
When ready to bake, preheat oven to 400˚F.
Whisk together remaining egg with 1 tablespoon water and brush over buns with a pastry brush. Bake 12-15 minutes or until tops are golden brown, rotating sheet halfway through baking time. Transfer buns to a wire rack to cool completely.
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Notes
To substitute active dry yeast for instant yeast, increase the amount to 2 teaspoons. In step 3 of the recipe, whisk a teaspoon of sugar into the warm water and sprinkle yeast over the top. Let stand 5-10 minutes until yeast is foamy. Whisk in egg and slightly cooled butter and milk mixture. Add this yeast mixture to dry ingredients and proceed with recipe.
If using unsalted butter, increase kosher salt by a scant 1/8 teaspoon.
If your room temperature isn't warm enough for the dough to rise, use this tip from Cooks Illustrated magazine to create a proofing oven: place the dough in the covered bowl on the middle shelf of your oven and a loaf or cake pan filled with 3 cups of boiling water on the bottom shelf. Close the oven door and you've created a great atmosphere for the dough to rise.
If you refrigerate your dough overnight, check it in the morning to see if it has doubled in size. If not, remove from the refrigerator to finish rising in a warm place before proceeding with recipe.
To freeze unused slider buns, allow them to cool completely and transfer to a freezer safe bag or container. Thaw in the bag at room temperature. Use within 2 months.
If scaling the recipe (2x, 4x), note that you'll need to reference the number of eggs in the ingredient list for step 3 of the recipe as the quantity is text and won't change. One egg for the egg wash will likely still be enough if you double the recipe, but you may need a second egg if you make a larger quantity.